RESUMO
Introducción: en Colombia no se dispone de investigaciones sobre las causas de diferimiento de potenciales donantes de sangre. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de los motivos de diferimiento de donantes de un banco de sangre en Medellín, Colombia. Métodos: estudio transversal con 43.002 sujetos en quienes se estimó la prevalencia general de diferimientos y las específicas por sexo y edad. Para cada motivo de diferimiento se estimaron razones de odds crudas y ajustadas mediante modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: los principales motivos de diferimiento fueron el riesgo del compañero sexual (25,2 %), hemoglobina inadecuada (15,2 %) y procedencia de zonas endémicas de malaria o Chagas (8,2 %), la menor prevalencia se registró en la exposición o reactividad a infecciones trasmisibles por transfusión. En las mujeres la mayor prevalencia fue baja hemoglobina, reactividad en pruebas inmunohematológicas, riesgo con elementos cortopunzantes y tratamientos contraindicados para donar, y en los hombres fueron las enfermedades de base, reactividad en marcadores de infección del banco y riesgo sexual. Conclusión: El banco presentó una alta prevalencia de diferimientos por el comportamiento sexual y la hemoglobina, con diferencias estadísticas según la edad y el sexo. Esto constituye una evidencia relevante para mejorar procesos de captación, campañas educativas y acciones de salud pública, prevención y vigilancia epidemiológica de los diferimientos más prevalentes para garantizar un suministro suficiente de sangre.
Introduction: In Colombia, there is no research on the causes of blood donor deferral. Objective: To determine the prevalence of the reasons for donor deferral of a blood bank in Medellín, Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study with 43,002 subjects to estimate the general and sex-/age-specific prevalence of deferrals. For each deferral reason, crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression models. Results: The main reasons for deferral were the risk of the sexual partner (25.2 %), inadequate hemoglobin (15.2 %), and origin from endemic areas of malaria or Chagas (8.2 %); the lowest prevalence was reported in exposure or reactivity to transfusion-transmissible infections. In women, the highest prevalence was low hemoglobin, reactivity in immunohaematological tests, the risk of sharps, and contraindicated treatments for donating, and in men, underlying diseases, reactivity in bank infection markers, and sexual risk. Conclusion: The bank had a high prevalence of sexual behavior and hemoglobin deferrals, with statistical differences in age and sex. The preceding constitutes relevant evidence to improve recruitment processes, educational campaigns and public health actions, epidemiological prevention, and surveillance of the most prevalent deferrals to ensure sufficient blood supply.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Research on HTLV in Colombia is limited; despite being an endemic country there are few studies on the magnitude of this infection. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HTLV I/II and its associated factors in donors to a blood bank of Medellín Colombia, 2014-2018. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 52,159 donors with a secondary information source. Seroprevalence of HTLV I/II was determined with its confidence interval and the population characteristics were described by frequency and summary measures. To explore the associated factors, Pearson's Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test, crude odds ratios were used and they were adjusted by logistic regression in SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: 88% of the population lived in the metropolitan area, 68.5% belonged to the University. 76.2% were altruistic donors (unpaid donors who did not donate to a specific patient). 24.5% were repetitive (paid) donors. 75% of the donors were under 41 years old. The seroprevalence of HTLV I/II was 0.176% (95% CI = 0.139% -0.213%), being statistically lower in repetitive donors and men. CONCLUSION: The seroprevalence of HTLV I/II infection in the studied blood bank is lower than that reported in other blood banks at the departmental and national levels. In Medellín, it was associated with the frequency of donation and gender, which is useful information for the hemovigilance programs of the city.
